Folk Songs of the Bonan Ethnic Group: “Hua’r”, “Ditty,” and “Banquet Song”

The Bonan ethnic group has a rich tradition of folk music, with various forms of songs such as “hua’r” (花儿), “ditty” (小曲), and “banquet song” (婚宴歌), each serving a unique cultural and social function.

Hua’r (Flower Songs)

“Hua’r” is the most popular and iconic form of folk song among the Bonan people, often sung in the fields or mountainous areas. These songs are deeply cherished, and it is common for people to spontaneously join in the singing. The lyrics of hua’r songs vary in length, typically ranging from 6 to 48 lines, and the themes often revolve around production, daily life, and love. The lyrics are vivid, lively, humorous, and rich in figurative language. The songs are generally sung in Chinese, but may include some Tibetan words for rhythm or euphony. The melodies are sonorous, loud, and clear, expressing a natural and sweet beauty.

For example, a typical hua’r song might include:

The white-porcelain bowls and fine flour,
The cotton felt spread on the heated kang;
The life of Bao’an people is sweeter than honey,
The gratitude to the Party is like the sea, with no sides.

Ditty (Folk Ditties)

The ditty is another form of folk song that is popular in Bonan culture, typically sung during New Year celebrations or other festive occasions. The ditties are varied in their content, with some condemning feudal traditions and others celebrating the new society. One well-known example is The Evergreen Four Seasons, which praises the beauty of nature and life, weaving in themes of youth and love:

What flowers in the spring are fragrant?
When the peonies are in blossom, the garden smells fragrant,
The flowers are red, the willows are green, the day is sunny and the sun is warm,
The little young girl accompanies her brother to relieve boredom,
She is only 18 years old,
My big eyes,
The brother leads his young girl the way.

Banquet Song (Wedding Songs)

The banquet song is sung during weddings, and it is known for its witty, humorous lyrics and lively, clear melody. On the night of a wedding, young men from the village gather to sing the banquet songs. Two lead singers initiate the song, and others join in, creating an atmosphere of celebration. The entire village can hear the joyful music, sharing in the happiness of the newlywed couple. The banquet songs are not only a musical tradition but also a communal expression of joy and togetherness.

Through these songs, the Bonan people celebrate life, love, and the natural beauty surrounding them, passing down stories and traditions from generation to generation.