Three cups of wine of Tu Ethnic Group

The Tu ethnic group (土族) of Qinghai (青海省) has long been admired for their industriousness, honesty, and generosity. Historical records praise the Tu people as “diligent in ploughing” and “simple, honest, and hospitable”, living in regions blessed with magnificent natural landscapes. These qualities have shaped enduring customs of respecting elders, loving children, and fostering community solidarity, with enthusiasm and hospitality standing out as defining cultural traits.

Among these traditions, the Tu people’s ritual of entertaining guests with “three cups of wine” remains one of the most memorable and culturally rich experiences for visitors.

The Custom of Three Cups of Wine

Tu people often say, “Guests bring luck with them.” Visitors are treated with elaborate ceremonial hospitality, highlighting the Tu philosophy that good fortune is shared through generosity and warmth.

The “three cups of wine” ritual is performed in stages as the guest arrives and settles in:

1. Wine After Getting Down the Horse – When guests first arrive at the village entrance or outside the host’s home, three cups of wine are presented as a gesture of welcome.
2. Three Cups of Wine of Calling at the Door – At the threshold of the host’s home, another set of three cups is offered, symbolizing respect and invitation into the household.
3. Three Cups of Wine of Luck and Happiness – Once guests are seated on the kang (heated brick platform), the final three cups are served, wishing the visitors good fortune and joy.

This ritual emphasizes careful preparation, attention to detail, and the ceremonial importance of hospitality.

Three Procedures of Meal – Complementing the Wine Ceremony

During important festivals or when hosting distinguished guests, the Tu people also prepare “three procedures of meal”, offering a variety of flavors alongside the wine:

1. First Meal: Tea with steamed buns
2. Second Meal: Tea with milk and deep-fried dough cakes
3. Third Meal: Noodle slices or hand-pulled noodles

Alongside these dishes, highland barley wine (青稞酒), fresh mutton, and other traditional specialties are served. Hosts often engage guests in lively conversation, and sometimes participate in antiphonal singing while toasting, adding warmth and rhythm to the gathering.

Farewell Ritual – Wine of Getting on the Horse

When the banquet concludes, and the guests prepare to depart, the Tu hosts present three final cups of wine, called the “wine of getting on the horse”, symbolizing a heartfelt farewell and continued good wishes.

Even guests who cannot drink much alcohol can participate respectfully by dipping their finger in the wine and flipping it to the sky three times, expressing thanks in accordance with tradition. This thoughtful gesture ensures that everyone feels honored and satisfied, maintaining the Tu ethic of hospitality and care.

Tourism Experience

Experiencing the “three cups of wine” ritual is a unique cultural highlight for visitors to Tu ethnic villages in Huzhu (互助), Minhe (民和), and Datong (大通) counties. Travelers can witness the ceremonial precision, festive atmosphere, and interactive hospitality that make the Tu people’s traditions truly memorable. Participating in this ritual provides a deep understanding of Tu social values, festive life, and culinary culture, making it an essential stop for cultural tourism in Qinghai Province.