Gourd-shaped Flute of Achang Ethnic Group

The Achang (阿昌族) ethnic group has a rich musical tradition with various instruments, including the gourd-shaped flute (葫芦笛), March flute (三月笛), copper-rimmed stringed instruments, sanxian (三弦, a three-stringed instrument), Xiangjiao drum (象脚鼓, in the shape of an elephant’s foot), and mang luo (锣, gong). Among these, the gourd-shaped flute holds a special place in Achang culture.

Description of the Gourd-shaped Flute

The gourd-shaped flute  is a traditional wind instrument made of three bamboo tubes connected by a bottle gourd . It has seven tones and produces a sound that is both loud and clear. This instrument is typically used during the daytime and is a favorite of the Achang people. Its clear and resonant sound makes it particularly ideal for courting rituals  and expressions of affection .

The Role of the Gourd-shaped Flute

In Achang culture, the gourd-shaped flute (葫芦笛) serves as a matchmaker  between young men and women. It is especially prominent during the farming-free season , festival gatherings , and during leisure times after daily work.

The Courting Ritual

• During these periods, a young man often carries the March vertical flute (三月笛) or gourd-shaped flute  either around his neck or by his side.

• When the young man encounters a girl he admires, he plays a melodious tune  to express his interest and to subtly ask for her attention.

• If the girl is open to his advances and does not have another suitor, she responds gracefully, acknowledging his courting.

• In response, the young man accompanies her home, playing his flute and singing folk songs along the way, further expressing his affection.

Evening Serenade

• As the sun sets, the young man, having prepared himself, quietly visits the house of his beloved.

• He plays his gourd-shaped flute (葫芦笛) outside her window to serenade her and express his desire to spend time together.

• Upon hearing the familiar and gentle melody, the girl is moved and goes to meet him, often with an excuse to leave the house.

• If this is the youth’s first visit, her sister-in-law (嫂子) or mother may open the door to warmly welcome him and invite him to sit by the hearth.

• The young lovers then spend time together, singing love songs  or sharing intimate conversations about their mutual affection, saying their goodbyes only when the rooster announces the break of dawn.

The Symbol of Love

Over the years, the gourd-shaped flute (葫芦笛) has played a pivotal role in fostering love  and leading many Achang men and women to marry. Its melodious sounds continue to carry the emotions of courtship, making it a cherished part of the Achang culture  and an enduring symbol of romantic affection .