The Coal Village of Mulao Ethnic Group

Geographical Features and Mineral Resources

The areas inhabited by the Mulao people (仫佬族) are centered on Luocheng. Boasting beautiful landscapes and a mild climate, this land lies within the Jiuwan Mountain range, featuring lofty mountains and rolling ridges that extend endlessly into the distance. The zone running from Xiaolong of Yishan to Longlan of Luocheng is famed as a major non-ferrous metal producing area, abundant in high-quality mineral resources. Geological surveys have discovered over 2,000 mineral outcrops. The proven reserve of premium anthracite alone exceeds 100 million tons, earning the region the reputation of "hometown of coal".

Development of Local Coal Industry

Properties and Early Mining Conditions

Local anthracite is locally referred to as "white smoke". It is high in hardness and calorific value, serving as fuel for boilers and steelmaking, as well as raw material for nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer production. In ancient times, there was no modern industry here, and people relied on simple primitive tools for coal mining and iron forging.

Modern Industrial Construction

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government placed great emphasis on developing the mining industry in the Mulao mountain areas. In the early phase of national economic recovery, numerous geological prospectors were dispatched to Luocheng to explore coal, iron, tin and other mineral resources. Funds and equipment were also distributed to renovate outdated small coal mines and build new ones.

After comprehensive regulation and upgrading, the area now has 16 state-owned coal mines and collective coal yards. Most mines have adopted mechanized operations for tunneling, ventilation, lighting and drainage, which guarantees safe production and brings about a substantial rise in coal output.

Economic Benefits Brought by Coal Industry

The vigorous development of coal production has effectively increased local residents' income and improved their living standards. Meanwhile, it supplies raw materials, fuel and funds for the development of chemical, machinery, mining and casting industries.

Traditional Craft: Coal Sand Pots

Taking advantage of rich coal resources, the Mulao people have developed a distinctive traditional craft — coal sand pots (煤砂罐). This daily utensil is made from coke, gangue and white clay. The production tools and techniques are simple. Affordable and durable, the pots can resist corrosion from coal fire.

Rice cooked in coal sand pots tastes sweet and fragrant. Cooked rice stays fresh and does not spoil overnight. These pots come in diverse styles and uses: for general cooking, wine storage, tea brewing and steaming glutinous rice. They also vary greatly in shape and size — tall or short, round or flat, large or small, with single or double bottoms. Popular in local markets, they are also sold to neighboring counties, Hunan Province and Guizhou Province.