Luoma Lake Scenic Area in Suqian and Xuzhou

Luoma Lake Scenic Area in Suqian and Xuzhou

Luoma Lake (骆马湖), also known as Leima Lake (乐马湖), Luoma Lake (洛马湖), and Mala Lake (马乐湖), is located in the northern part of Jiangsu Province (江苏省), straddling the cities of Suqian (宿迁) and Xuzhou (徐州). The lake is a tectonic lake (构造型湖泊), formed by the Tanlu Fault Zone (郯庐断裂带), and serves as a seasonal flood retention area for the Yi River (沂河) and the Central Canal (中运河) following the diversion of the Yellow River. It covers an area of 296 square kilometers (相应水位21.81米) and has a storage capacity of 270 million cubic meters (蓄水量2.7亿立方米). The lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake (江苏境内第四大淡水湖) in Jiangsu.

Area: 296 square kilometers (相应水位21.81米)

Storage Capacity: 270 million cubic meters (蓄水量2.7亿立方米)

Water Depth: Average depth of 5 meters in the South Lake (南湖) and 30 meters in the North Lake (北湖)

Type: Tectonic lake (构造型湖泊)

Location: Located between Suqian (宿迁) and Xuzhou (徐州)

Geographical Location

Luoma Lake is situated in the northern part of Jiangsu Province, spanning the cities of Suqian (宿迁) and Xuzhou (徐州). It is 27 kilometers in length with a maximum width of 20 kilometers. The lake covers an area of 296 square kilometers (相应水位21.81米) at a water level of 21.81 meters, with a water storage capacity of 270 million cubic meters (蓄水量2.7亿立方米). The lake connects with Yi River (沂河) and Central Canal (中运河), with a drainage area of 4,900 square kilometers.

Historical Background

Historically, the lake has been referred to as Leima Lake (乐马湖), Luoma Lake (洛马湖), and Mala Lake (马乐湖). According to the Song Dynasty History (宋史), in 1131, the Jin army (金将) camped near the lake during their march across the Huai River (淮河), which contributed to the naming of the lake. The name Luoma (骆马) is derived from the homophonic characters of “Le” (乐) and “Luo” (落), which have historical significance. The lake’s name has changed over time to reflect both its geographical and historical context.

Geology and Landforms

The geological formations in the area are part of the North China Plate (华北台块) and fall within the Tanlu Fault Zone (郯庐断裂带). The region is composed of Proterozoic (太古界) crystalline rocks on the eastern side and Mesozoic Cretaceous (中生代白垩系) on the western side. The formation of the lake basin is the result of tectonic activity that occurred over millions of years.

The area’s landforms are part of the Yellow-Huai River alluvial plain (黄淮冲积平原), where the terrain is relatively flat. The lake is surrounded by levees, except for Malingshan (马陵山) in the east, which is a higher ground. The lake’s embankments, including the South Levee (南堤), West Levee (西堤), North Levee (北堤), and East Levee (东堤), stretch over several kilometers and help manage water levels during floods.

Hydrology and Climate

Hydrological Features

The lake lies in a subtropical climate zone, with distinct seasonal rainfall patterns. The region experiences a temperate monsoon climate with ample rainfall. The annual average temperature is 14.1°C (年平均气温), with the coldest month being January (1月), with an average temperature of 0°C. The hottest month is July (7月), with an average temperature of 26.8°C.

Annual rainfall averages 890.2 mm (年降水量), with a peak during the summer months, accounting for about 65% of the annual rainfall. The lake’s water quality typically ranges from Class III (Ⅲ类) to Class V (Ⅴ类) for areas with higher nitrogen content, though overall the lake remains a relatively clean water body.

Lake Features and Ecology

Ecological Resources

The lake supports a variety of aquatic plants and animals, including plankton, benthic animals, and several species of fish, shrimp, and crabs. Notable aquatic plants include reed, lotus, and water chestnuts (水草). Species such as carp, silver fish, and shrimp (鲫鱼、银鱼、青虾) are abundant in the area. The lake is also important for regional flood control and is designated as a wetland reserve by Jiangsu Province (江苏省).

The lake provides various functions, including:

Irrigation (灌溉)

Flood regulation (调洪)

Water transport (航运)

Fishery production (水产)

Water Quality and Pollution

The water quality in Luoma Lake is generally considered to be better than Class III (优于Ⅲ类) as per the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (《地表水环境质量标准》GB3838-2002), with some parts of the lake having a slightly higher nitrogen content. The water exhibits a lightly eutrophic state (轻度富营养化) and tends to be greenish-yellow in color with a visibility depth ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 meters (透明度0.5～3.5米). The water has a pH value of 8.3, and the salinity is relatively low, making it suitable for the rich biodiversity of the region.

Evolution of the Water System

The Sishui River (泗水) is the main river of this system, originating from Taipingding (太平顶) in Xintai (新泰), Shandong. Historically, it flowed southward, passing through Xuzhou (徐州), Suqian (宿迁), Siyang (泗阳), and entering Huai’an (淮安市) to join the Huai River (淮河), which is the largest tributary of the lower Huai River. The Yishui (沂水) originates from the Yimeng Mountain (沂蒙山区) in Yiyuan (沂源), Shandong, flowing southward through Tancheng (郯城) and entering Pizhou (邳州) in Jiangsu, where it joins Sishui (泗水), a major tributary. The Shuishui (沭水) also originates in the Yimeng Mountains (沂蒙山区), flows parallel to the Yishui (沂水), and after passing Tancheng, merges with Sishui (泗水) and eventually drains into the Huai River.

During the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋), in the second year of the Jianyan Era (建炎二年) (1128), the Yellow River (黄河) shifted northward, abandoning its previous path and flooding the Sishui and Huai River into the sea. Due to the silt buildup in the riverbed, the Yellow River (黄河) diverted again in Qing Dynasty, forming what is now the abandoned Yellow River (废黄河), blocking the flow of Sishui (泗水), Yishui (沂水), and Shuishui (沭水) to the Huai River.

Post-1949, the Yishui (沂水) and Shuishui (沭水) were re-routed, establishing new channels into the sea, including the New Yihe (新沂河) and New Shuhe (新沭河), and the waters were redirected to flood retention areas like Luoma Lake (骆马湖). Today, Luoma Lake serves as a major flood retention reservoir.

Key Tributaries

Luoma Lake (骆马湖) was established in 1949 as a temporary flood storage reservoir. In the early 1950s, major infrastructure like the Southern Dam (南堤) and various water gates were constructed to control the water levels, particularly the Zaohe Gate (皂河节制闸) and the Yanghe Tansha Gate (杨河滩闸). These engineering works allowed for the regulation of floodwaters and the management of lake levels during different seasons. Luoma Lake (骆马湖) has a storage capacity of up to 9 billion cubic meters, with various flood control measures in place.

By 1958, the lake’s control system was further enhanced with the construction of additional floodgates, such as the Suqian Gate (宿迁闸), which allows for the management of water flow from the Yihe (沂河) and Zaohe (皂河) rivers.

Main Waterways

Yihe (沂河) originates from Lushan (鲁山) in Yiyuan (沂源), Shandong, flowing southward and entering Jiangsu (江苏). The river stretches 333 kilometers in total, with 45.5 kilometers in Jiangsu. The flow then joins Luoma Lake (骆马湖) via the Xinyi Miao (新沂苗圩).

Xin Yihe (新沂河), artificially constructed between 1949 and 1952, connects various flood-prone areas to the river system, diverting water from Luoma Lake (骆马湖) to the Middle Grand Canal (中运河) and helping regulate the flow into the sea.

Water Management Facilities

Zaohe Control (皂河控制)

The Zaohe Control (皂河节制闸) was established to manage the water levels of Luoma Lake (骆马湖). It features 7 sluice gates, with a width of 9.2 meters each, and the maximum discharge capacity reaches 1,000 cubic meters per second. Initially, its main function was to control water levels and floodwaters during the wet season, ensuring the safety of downstream areas.

Yanghe Tansha Gate (杨河滩节制闸)

Built in 1952, the Yanghe Tansha Gate (杨河滩节制闸) controls water flow into Luoma Lake (骆马湖), specifically during flood seasons. In the 1960s, its role transitioned to irrigation control, shifting from flood management to supporting agriculture in the area.

Southern Dam of Luoma Lake (骆马湖南堤)

The Southern Dam (南堤) of Luoma Lake (骆马湖) is a critical infrastructure component for controlling water flow. Stretching over 18.4 kilometers, it regulates floodwaters and ensures that water levels do not exceed designated thresholds. The dam has been reinforced and maintained over the years to accommodate the fluctuating water levels of the lake.

Irrigation and Flood Control

The Luoma Lake Irrigation Area (骆马湖灌溉区) began in the early 1950s as part of the South-North Water Diversion Project (南水北调). This irrigation system aims to provide water for agriculture (农业), helping improve irrigation and water conservation in the surrounding regions. By 1959, the area began to receive water from Luoma Lake (骆马湖), enabling the expansion of farmland and agricultural productivity in the region.

With improvements to the irrigation system, including the construction of Shuiyin Tunnels (水引隧道) and Yanghe Water Diversion Channels (杨河水引渠), the irrigation area covered more than 1,153 square kilometers (115,300 hectares) by the 1960s, significantly improving agricultural output.

Development of Water Resources and Management

In the 1970s, the region began to encounter challenges in balancing water storage and irrigation demands. Efforts were made to build additional pumping stations to further enhance the water diversion system (水源调配系统), ensuring reliable water availability for agricultural, industrial, and ecological needs.

Zhaoshan Gate (嶂山闸)

One of the main flood control structures of Luoma Lake (骆马湖), the Zhaoshan Gate (嶂山闸) was completed in 1961. It consists of 36 sluice gates and can discharge up to 8,000 cubic meters per second of floodwater. The gate plays a key role in controlling the water flow from Luoma Lake (骆马湖) to downstream areas, ensuring that the floodwater does not cause damage to the local infrastructure.

Best Time to Visit

Spring (March to May): This is the best time for visiting as the weather is pleasant and the surrounding flora is in full bloom. It’s perfect for boat rides and nature walks.

Autumn (September to November): The weather is also comfortable, and you can enjoy the beautiful fall colors, making it a fantastic time for photography.

Summer (June to August): Although summer can be hot, it’s still a popular time for boating and water activities, especially in the evening when the lake breeze is cool.

Winter (December to February): If you’re looking for a quieter, off-the-beaten-path experience, winter offers a peaceful atmosphere with fewer crowds.

Activities and Attractions

1. Boat Tours on Luoma Lake (骆马湖)

Take a relaxing boat ride to explore the lake’s serene waters and picturesque surroundings. You can hire a boat from several docks around the lake.

Enjoy bird watching and see the seasonal migration of various bird species around the lake.

2. Luoma Lake Dam (骆马湖南堤)

Visit the Southern Dam (南堤) to witness the engineering marvel and learn about the history and importance of flood control in this region.

The dam provides beautiful views of the lake and is a popular spot for photography.

3. Ecological Tours

The scenic area is home to various wildlife species. Take a guided eco-tour to learn about the local flora and fauna, as well as the conservation efforts in the region.

The surrounding wetlands are perfect for nature lovers and those interested in biodiversity.

4. Fishing

Luoma Lake (骆马湖) is known for its rich aquatic life. If you’re into fishing, you can try your luck here. Various species of fish are found in the lake, making it a popular spot for fishing enthusiasts.

5. Cycling and Hiking

The surrounding areas of Luoma Lake (骆马湖) are perfect for cycling and hiking. There are several well-maintained paths around the lake where you can enjoy a peaceful ride or walk while taking in the stunning scenery.

6. Water Sports

During the warmer months, you can enjoy various water sports such as kayaking, paddle boarding, and boating on the lake. These activities are ideal for those looking for adventure.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Luoma Lake (骆马湖) holds historical significance due to its role in the ancient water management systems and the engineering works associated with controlling floods in the region.

You can visit nearby museums and cultural centers to understand the rich history of the lake and its connection to the surrounding area’s agricultural development.

Dining and Local Cuisine

Suqian (宿迁) and Xuzhou (徐州) offer a variety of local dishes influenced by both Jiangsu (江苏) and Shandong (山东) culinary traditions.

Fish from the lake is a must-try, particularly dishes like braised fish and fish soup.
Luoma Lake Fish (骆马湖鱼) is a popular local delicacy.
Don’t miss the regional dumplings and noodles, often served with savory broths and fresh vegetables.

There are several restaurants near the scenic area that serve these local delicacies. Look for waterside dining options where you can enjoy a meal with a view of the lake.

Accommodation

There are a variety of accommodation options near Luoma Lake (骆马湖):

Lakeview Hotels: For a more scenic experience, look for hotels with views of the lake. These typically offer excellent services and amenities.

Eco-Resorts: If you’re looking for a nature-centric experience, consider staying in an eco-resort in the area that offers close proximity to the lake and its surrounding natural beauty.

Local Guesthouses: For budget travelers, local guesthouses provide a more intimate and budget-friendly stay.

Transportation

By Car: If you’re traveling from Suqian (宿迁) or Xuzhou (徐州), it’s best to rent a car for flexibility. The roads around the lake are well-maintained and it’s easy to navigate.

By Train: The closest major train stations are in Xuzhou (徐州) and Suqian (宿迁), both of which are connected to various cities across Jiangsu Province.

By Bus: There are also several buses that run from Xuzhou (徐州) and Suqian (宿迁) to the scenic area, but renting a car or taking a taxi is more convenient.

Local Customs and Etiquette

Respect the Environment: The area is known for its natural beauty, so make sure to dispose of any trash properly and avoid disturbing the wildlife.

Photography: While Luoma Lake (骆马湖) is a great place for photography, always be mindful of other visitors and avoid blocking paths or viewpoints.

Seasonal Events: If you visit during the local festivals, like the Suqian Harvest Festival or the Xuzhou Cultural Festival, you’ll get to enjoy a wide range of cultural performances and activities that highlight the region’s rich heritage.

Safety Tips

Water Activities: Always wear life jackets and take necessary precautions when engaging in water activities like boating, kayaking, or paddleboarding.

Sun Protection: During the summer months, the sun can be intense, so make sure to bring sunscreen, wear a hat, and stay hydrated.