16 Days South China Birding Tour

Distance: ~280–320 km
Driving Time: ~4–4.5 hrs (including campus stop)
Altitude: ~50–1,500 m (Nanling higher zone)
Road Conditions: Expressway + provincial roads + mountain access roads

Start the morning with a visit to Zhongshan University (中山大学), one of China’s top universities established in 1924. The campus combines lakes, woodland patches, and quiet green corridors, making it an excellent early birding site before entering remote mountain forests.

Inside the campus woodlands and lakeside habitats, enjoy active subtropical birding with a strong mix of resident forest species and migratory passerines. This stop provides one of the richest “urban forest birding” experiences in southern China, with frequent mixed flocks and vocal activity in the morning hours.

Target Species at Zhongshan University include: Hainan Blue Flycatcher (海南蓝仙鹟), Common Tailorbird (长尾缝叶莺), Mountain Tailorbird (山鹛), Slaty-legged Crake (灰脚秧鸡), Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮), Asian Barred Owlet (横斑腹小鸮), Plaintive Cuckoo (噪鹃), Great Barbet (大拟啄木鸟), Japanese Paradise Flycatcher (寿带), Tiger Shrike (虎纹伯劳), Red-whiskered Bulbul (红耳鹎), Light-vented Bulbul (白头鹎), Chestnut Bulbul (栗背短脚鹎), Orange-headed Thrush (橙头地鸫), Grey-backed Thrush (灰背鸫), Blue-and-white Flycatcher (白腹蓝鹟), Rufous-tailed Robin (棕腹林鸲), Siberian Blue Robin (红喉歌鸲), Fire-breasted Flowerpecker (火尾太阳鸟), Fork-tailed Sunbird (叉尾太阳鸟).

After birding, continue the journey toward Nanling National Nature Reserve (南岭国家级自然保护区). The drive gradually transitions from lowland urban landscapes into rolling hills and eventually dense subtropical evergreen mountain forests, marking a clear ecological shift into one of Guangdong’s richest biodiversity regions.

Upon arrival, proceed with check-in and evening light birding around the reserve buffer zone. Accommodation is arranged near the Xiaohuangshan (小黄山) scenic area, allowing easy access to forest trails and early morning birding points.

In the late afternoon, enjoy a short relaxed walk along nearby forest edges (about 1 km). This serves as an introduction to the local habitat and allows observation of active canopy and edge species without physical strain after travel.

Possible species during evening exploration include: Black Bulbul (黑短脚鹎), Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (褐脸雀鹛), Rufous-capped Babbler (栗头雀鹛), Silver-throated Tit (银喉长尾山雀), Collared Finchbill (领雀嘴鹎), and various laughingthrushes and bulbuls forming active mixed flocks.

Highlights: University campus birding hotspot, transition into subtropical mountain rainforest, first forest-edge species of Nanling
Accommodation: Lodge near Nanling (Xiaohuangshan / reserve buffer zone)

Distance: ~10–30 km (site-based movement)
Driving Time: ~20–60 mins between birding zones
Altitude: ~600–1,200 m
Road Conditions: Mountain roads + village roads + forest trails

This day focuses on low-elevation valleys, streams, and forest edge habitats in 广东南岭国家级自然保护区 (Nanling National Nature Reserve). It is designed as an adaptive birding day, combining easy walking routes, high bird diversity, and chances for both common species and rare forest specialists.

Early Morning (06:30–09:30): Shuikou Valley (水口谷) – Stream Birding Core Zone + Rare Species Potential

Begin in 水口谷 (Shuikou Valley), a classic subtropical stream valley with evergreen broadleaf forest, dense understory, and clean mountain streams. This habitat is one of the best locations in Nanling for stream-dependent birds and also holds potential for extremely rare species.

The trail follows a gentle 1.5 km route along the stream toward small waterfalls and shallow pools. Birding here requires slow movement, minimal noise, and careful scanning of rocks, stream edges, and low vegetation.

This site is also a potential habitat for the extremely elusive Hainan Night Heron (海南鳽), one of the world’s rarest and least-known birds, requiring patience and silent observation.

Target species include:

• Stream specialists: White-capped Water Redstart (白顶溪鸲), Plumbeous Water Redstart (红尾水鸲), Brown Dipper (褐河乌), Grey Wagtail (灰鹡鸰), Spotted Forktail (斑背燕尾)
• Forest edge species: Chinese Barbet (黑眉拟啄木鸟), Collared Finchbill (领雀嘴鹎), White-cheeked Laughingthrush (白颊噪鹛), Red-billed Leiothrix (红嘴相思鸟), Fork-tailed Sunbird (叉尾太阳鸟)
• Rare/low-density species: Hainan Night Heron (海南鳽) – nocturnal/crepuscular, extremely difficult, requires silence and no flash photography

Highlights: Classic stream birding, high activity at dawn, strong chance for forktails and water redstarts, potential rare species encounter

Late Morning (10:00–12:00): Taipingdong Village (太平洞村) – Farmland & Raptor Concentration Area

Move to 太平洞村 (Taipingdong Village), a mosaic of farmland, village edges, and scattered secondary forest. This area is well known for raptors and open-country birds due to abundant food resources and open visibility.

The walking route passes village roads, field margins, and woodland edges. Observation focuses on utility poles, treetops, and thermals above open farmland.

Target species include:

• Raptors: Crested Honey Buzzard (凤头蜂鹰), Chinese Sparrowhawk (赤腹鹰), Besra (松雀鹰), Eastern Buzzard (普通鵟), Black Baza (黑冠鹃隼)
• Open habitat birds: Eurasian Tree Sparrow (麻雀), Crested Myna (八哥), Grey Bushchat (灰林鵖), Dollarbird (三宝鸟), Oriental Turtle Dove (山斑鸠)
• Occasional migrants: Eastern Yellow Wagtail (黄鹡鸰) in suitable seasons

Highlights: Best raptor viewing in Nanling lowlands, easy scanning conditions, high visibility farmland birding

Midday (12:00–13:30): Rest & Field Preparation

Return to accommodation for lunch and rest. No field activity is recommended during peak heat. Reorganize gear, recharge batteries, refill water, and review morning sightings. Adjust target list for afternoon forest birding.

Afternoon (14:00–17:30): Xiaohuangshan Base Area (小黄山景区山脚) – Subtropical Forest Transition Zone

Head to the lower slopes of 小黄山 (Xiaohuangshan Scenic Area), a transitional habitat between lowland valleys and mid-elevation forest. This area has high species density and is ideal for mixed-species flock observation.

The trail covers approximately 2 km of gentle slopes and forest paths. This is a key area for forest interior birds and a preview of higher-elevation species expected on Day 4.

Target species include:

• Silver Pheasant (白鹇) – very high probability, often in groups, highly visible
• Golden Parrotbill (金头穗鹛)
• Golden-breasted Fulvetta (金胸雀鹛)
• Vinous-throated Parrotbill (棕头鸦雀)
• Black Bulbul (黑短脚鹎)
• Mountain Bulbul (山鹎)
• Long-tailed Minivet (长尾山椒鸟)

Highlights: High-density forest birding, strong chance of pheasant encounters, transition into mid-elevation ecosystems

Evening (17:30–18:30): Return & Optional Night Birding

Return to lodge for rest and dinner. Optional short night listening session near forest edges may reveal owls.

Possible nocturnal species:

• Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮)
• Mountain Scops Owl (山鸮)

Night activity must remain quiet, with no strong lights or disturbance.

Highlights: Multi-habitat birding day (stream → farmland → forest edge), strong chance for pheasants and raptors, excellent beginner-friendly structure within a biodiversity hotspot
Accommodation: Lodge near Nanling National Nature Reserve (广东南岭国家级自然保护区) core area

Distance: ~10–25 km (site-based movement)
Driving Time: ~20–60 mins between birding zones
Altitude: ~1,000–1,800 m
Road Conditions: Mountain roads, forest access trails

This day focuses on mid to high elevation habitats, including dense mountain forests and open ridgelines, where we will target rare pheasants and raptors while observing the highest bird diversity in Nanling National Nature Reserve.

Early Morning (05:30–09:30): Xiaohuangshan Scenic Area (小黄山景区) – Core Birding Zone, High Frequency of Rare Pheasants

Begin with a visit to 小黄山 (Xiaohuangshan Scenic Area), the core birding zone of Nanling, where rare species like 黄腹角雉 (Yellow-bellied Tragopan) are frequently observed at dawn. This site features mountain broadleaf forests, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests, and misty ridgelines, perfect for observing rare forest birds.

The birding route takes us from the entrance through the 迎客松步道 (Welcoming Pine Trail) up to a viewing platform, a 2.5 km walk with gentle slopes. Forest undergrowth is ideal for pheasants and woodpeckers, while the mountain top offers great opportunities for raptor viewing.

Target species include:

• National Protected Species:
  • 黄腹角雉 (Yellow-bellied Tragopan): 60%+ chance, early morning, highly visible males with distinctive plumage
  • 白鹇 (White Pheasant): Regularly found in groups, often active in the early morning
• Unique Forest Birds:
  • 金胸雀鹛 (Golden-breasted Fulvetta)
  • 金色鸦雀 (Golden-crowned Laughingthrush)
  • 凤头雀莺 (Crested Finchbill)
  • 点胸鸦雀 (Chestnut-throated Parrotbill) (occasional sightings, requires patience)
• Raptors:
  • 凤头鹰 (Crested Eagle)
  • 普通鵟 (Common Buzzard): Easy to observe, especially in spring/fall migration

Highlights: Core site for pheasant species, strong chances for yellow-bellied tragopan sightings, raptors overhead

Late Morning (10:00–12:30): Wuzhishan Area (五指山区域) – Primary Forest Birding & Rare Pheasant Observation

Next, head to the 五指山 (Wuzhishan) area, known for its pristine subtropical broadleaf forests and mountain rhododendron forests, with altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 meters. This area is a core habitat for Yellow-bellied Tragopan, White-browed Hill Partridge, and several other rare species. The surrounding forests maintain an intact ecosystem, which is a hub for high biodiversity.

Walk along the forest paths from the 五指山 (Wuzhishan) entrance, taking the 3 km route through dense woodland, keeping a slow and quiet pace to avoid disturbing the birds.

Target species include:

• National Protected Species:
  • 白眉山鹧鸪 (White-browed Hill Partridge): Often seen on the forest floor, especially in the early morning
  • 黄腹角雉 (Yellow-bellied Tragopan): Regular sightings in this habitat
  • 白鹇 (White Pheasant): Stable sightings in this area, often observed in groups
• Forest Birds:
  • 紫啸鸫 (Purple Thrush)
  • 黑顶奇鹛 (Black-headed Sibia)
  • 大拟啄木鸟 (Great Spotted Woodpecker): High visibility due to distinctive plumage

Highlights: Prime area for rare pheasants, ancient forest ecosystems, and peaceful birding

Midday (12:30–14:00): Lunch & Rest

• Meal: Enjoy a light lunch at the accommodation or local village restaurant. Opt for easy-to-digest foods to keep energy levels up for the afternoon session.
• Supplies: Refill water bottles, charge camera batteries, and restock any necessary items. Prepare for afternoon birding with sun protection or rain gear depending on the weather.
• Recording: Review morning bird sightings and mark unobserved species on your target list. Discuss birding tactics with the group.

Afternoon (14:00–17:00): Xiaohuangshan Mountain Top Viewing Platform (小黄山山顶观景台) – Core Raptors Viewing Area

After a break, head to the mountain top of 小黄山 for prime raptor viewing and panoramic mountain views. With clear skies and wide open spaces, this is the best spot for observing high-altitude raptors.

The walking distance is about 1 km, mostly flat and offering excellent views of the sky. Be prepared for windy conditions at the top, and ensure you have warm clothing if necessary.

Target species include:

• Raptors:
  • 凤头鹰 (Crested Eagle)
  • 普通鵟 (Common Buzzard)
  • 蛇雕 (Snake Eagle)
  • Occasional sightings of 胡兀鹫 (Himalayan Griffon) (requires patience and careful scanning)
• Additional Forest Birds:
  • 蓝大翅鸲 (Blue-winged Minla)
  • 棕朱雀 (Brown Bullfinch)

Highlights: Excellent vantage point for raptors, rewarding birdwatching with the backdrop of Nanling's mountain scenery

Evening (17:00–18:30): Return to Accommodation & Birding Summary

After the day's birding, take a leisurely walk back to your accommodation for a well-deserved rest. The descent is on gentle slopes, so it’s a good time to reflect on the day's sightings.

• Summary: Review the bird species observed and discuss any unseen target species. Consult with local bird guides to learn about other nearby birding hotspots for the following day.
• Preparation: Prepare gear for the next day's birding, and pack any necessary items for upcoming travel. Keep quiet in the accommodation area to avoid disturbing local birdlife.

Highlights: A full day with high-altitude raptors, rare pheasants, and peaceful forest birding in Nanling. Ideal for birders looking to spot elusive species in the heart of one of China's most biodiverse mountain areas.
Accommodation: Lodge near Xiaohuangshan (for easy access to birding sites)

Distance: ~120 km (internal transfers within reserve area)
Driving Time: ~2–3 hrs (short transfers between sites)
Altitude: ~700–1,100 m
Road Conditions: Mountain roads + paved reserve access roads

Today focuses on completing missing target species and strengthening the overall species list, combining wetland, forest edge, and mid-mountain habitats. Birding will be flexible and adaptive based on previous days’ sightings.

After early morning birding at Langpan Lake (浪畔湖), a key wetland site in Nanling, the route continues through different ecological zones of the reserve, targeting species gaps from earlier days and maximizing diversity across habitats.

Afternoon birding continues in the Ruyang Ecological Corridor (乳阳辖区科普观鸟线), a forest-river interface zone designed for ecological education and accessible birding, ideal for mixed forest species and final checklist completion.

Evening return to the guesthouse for rest, equipment organization, and final species list consolidation.

Target species include:

• Waterfowl & Wetland Birds:
  Mandarin Duck (鸳鸯), Little Grebe (小䴙䴘), Grey Heron (苍鹭), White Heron (白鹭), Red-breasted Waterhen (红胸田鸡), Painted Snipe (彩鹬), Black-winged Kite (黑翅鸢)
• Wetland & Grassland Seasonal Species:
  Blue-throated Bee-eater (蓝喉蜂虎), Yellow-breasted Bunting (黄胸鹀), Rustic Bunting (栗鹀), Citrine Wagtail (黄鹡鸰)
• Forest Edge & Mountain Species:
  Fork-tailed Sunbird (叉尾太阳鸟), Grey-chinned Minivet (灰喉山椒鸟), Scarlet Minivet (赤红山椒鸟), Chestnut Bulbul (栗颈凤鹛), Dusky Fulvetta (淡眉雀鹛), Crested Finchbill (领雀嘴鹎)
• Raptors & Rare Targets (Supplementary Focus):
  Black Baza (黑冠鹃隼), Besra (赤腹鹰), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (松雀鹰), Mountain Hawk-Eagle (鹰雕), and potential re-encounters of Yellow-bellied Tragopan (黄腹角雉) and White-browed Hill Partridge (白眉山鹧鸪) depending on habitat revisit success
• Special Rarities (Low Probability but Key Targets):
  Hainan Night Heron (海南鳽), Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher (棕胸蓝姬鹟)

Highlights:

Multi-habitat birding day focused on species completion strategy, covering wetland, forest edge, and mid-elevation ecosystems within Nanling
High probability of expanding total trip checklist significantly through targeted revisits and adaptive routing

Accommodation: Guesthouse in Nanling Nature Reserve

Distance: ~520 km (driving + intercity transfer segments)
Driving Time: ~5–6 hrs total (excluding flight time)
Altitude: ~0–1,200 m (sea level to low mountain rainforest)
Road Conditions: Expressway + airport transfer roads + mountain access roads

Today is a full travel transition day moving from the subtropical mountain forests of Guangdong into the tropical rainforest system of Hainan Island.

After breakfast in Nanling, depart early for a long drive to Guangzhou. The route passes through rolling hills and lowland agricultural landscapes before reaching the Pearl River Delta corridor.

Upon arrival in Guangzhou, transfer to the airport for a domestic flight to Sanya (三亚). From Sanya, continue by road for approximately 1.5 hours into the forested highlands of Jianfengling (尖峰岭), one of China’s most important tropical rainforest reserves.

En route birding opportunities (limited but possible):

During highway and airport transfer sections, occasional roadside and open-country species may be observed, especially in agricultural and suburban edges of Guangdong:

• Eastern Cattle Egret (牛背鹭)
• Black Kite (黑鸢)
• Common Kestrel (红隼)
• Barn Swallow (家燕)
• Red-rumped Swallow (金腰燕)
• White Wagtail (白鹡鸰)
• Light-vented Bulbul (白头鹎)
• Oriental Magpie-Robin (鹊鸲)
• Chinese Blackbird (乌鸫)

Arrival in Jianfengling:

By afternoon or evening, arrive in the Jianfengling National Forest Park (尖峰岭国家森林公园) area in Ledong, southwestern Hainan. The landscape shifts dramatically into dense tropical rainforest, with high humidity, layered canopy structure, and rich biodiversity.

Settle into accommodation near the forest edge and prepare for the upcoming intensive rainforest birding sessions.

Highlights:

Major ecological transition from subtropical mountain forests to tropical rainforest ecosystems
Full-day travel linking Guangdong highlands with Hainan Island biodiversity hotspot
Arrival into one of China’s richest lowland rainforest birding regions

Accommodation: Lodge or guesthouse near Jianfengling National Forest Park

Distance: ~10 km (internal transfers within the park)
Driving Time: ~0.5 hrs
Altitude: ~700–1,000 m
Road Conditions: Forest roads + nature trails

Today’s birding focuses on lowland wetlands and valleys, with a combination of easily observed species and stream birds. These areas provide an excellent introduction to tropical rainforest birding and are perfect for adapting to the environment.

Early Morning (6:00–9:30): Xiatang Wetland

Habitat: Wetland with tropical shrubs and broadleaf forest, situated at 700–800m altitude. This is one of the few wetland habitats in Jianfengling, offering a variety of waterfowl and forest birds. The best birding is during low tide, when birds such as Blue-throated Bee-eater and Mandarin Duck (冬候鸟) are commonly seen.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Xiatang Wetland entrance → walk along the lake perimeter trail (1.5 km) → explore shallow wetland edges and surrounding scrubland.
• Move slowly and quietly to avoid disturbing the birds.

Target Species (High probability):

• Water Birds: Little Grebe (小䴙䴘), White Heron (白鹭), Red-breasted Waterhen (红胸田鸡), Mandarin Duck (鸳鸯, wintering), occasionally Painted Snipe (彩鹬).
• Forest Birds/Key Species: Blue-throated Bee-eater (蓝须夜蜂虎), Black-browed Woodpecker (黑眉拟啄木鸟), Collared Scops Owl (领雀嘴鹎), White-cheeked Laughingthrush (白颊噪鹛), Fork-tailed Sunbird (叉尾太阳鸟).
• Occasional Sightings: Brown-winged Cuckoo (褐翅鸦鹃) – a national second-class protected species, spotted near wetland scrub.

Mid-Morning (10:00–12:00): 1.7 km Coastal Science Boardwalk

Habitat: Coastal scrubland, broadleaf forest, and mudflats, at approximately 700m altitude. This area connects the wetland with coastal forest zones and is a prime location for observing coastal forest birds and migratory species. Bird activity peaks in the early morning and late morning.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Coastal Boardwalk entrance → walk the entire length of the boardwalk (~1.7 km).
• Focus on the scrub, trees, and mudflats along the boardwalk and use binoculars to scan for distant birds on the flats.

Target Species (High probability):

• Coastal Forest Birds: Dark-grey Shrike-babbler (暗灰鹃鵙), Black-collared Starling (黑领噪鹛), Starred Woodpecker (星头啄木鸟), Blue-capped Monarch (纯蓝仙鹟).
• Migratory Birds (Spring/Autumn): Yellow-breasted Bunting (黄胸鹀), Rustic Bunting (栗鹀), seen foraging around the mudflats and scrub.
• Common Water Birds: White Heron (白鹭), Pond Heron (池鹭), Red-billed Gull (红嘴鸥, common in winter).

Midday (12:00–13:30): Rest + Replenishment

• Meals: Return to a nearby restaurant or the guesthouse for a light meal. Maintain a simple and energy-boosting diet. Avoid picnicking in birding areas to avoid disturbing the wildlife.
• Supplies: Check binoculars, camera batteries, and refill your water and snacks (e.g., nuts, energy bars). The tropical climate requires protection, so ensure you have sunscreen (SPF 50+), a sun hat, sunglasses, and insect repellent.
• Preparation: Briefly review the morning’s bird sightings and adjust the afternoon birding focus. Use a bird guide or app to cross-reference species and record observations.

Afternoon (14:00–17:30): Mingfenggu Valley Lower Reach

Habitat: A dense tropical rainforest zone with a rich diversity of birds. Located at an elevation of 800–1,000m, this area connects the lowland and mid-elevation birding sites.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Mingfenggu Valley entrance → follow the forest trail (~2 km) → explore the forest edge and mid-canopy layer.
• Maintain a quiet pace and be aware of the dense vegetation, which is ideal for species like Junglefowl and Minivets.
• Avoid disturbing any birds and do not use flash photography.

Target Species (High probability):

• Key Forest Birds: Crested Finchbill (冕雀), Green-billed Malkoha (绿嘴地鹃), Bronze-tailed Malkoha (古铜色卷尾), Large-tailed Shrike (大盘尾) – often part of "bird waves" and highly active.
• Common Forest Birds: Red-chinned Sunbird (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Minivet (灰喉山椒鸟), Chestnut Bulbul (栗颈凤鹛), Dusky Fulvetta (淡眉雀鹛) – these species often form lively mixed-species flocks.
• Rare and Endemic Species: Hainan White-headed Pheasant (海南白鹇), a national second-class protected species, often spotted in the forest undergrowth.

Evening (17:30–18:30): Return to Accommodation + Optional Night Birding

• Return: Walk back to your accommodation for a well-deserved rest. Hydrate and allow your body to recover from the day’s birding.
• Optional Night Birding: If you're up for it, take a short walk around the forest edge near the guesthouse to listen for nocturnal species. Focus on hearing owls and other night birds.
  • Target Species: Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮), Yellow-billed Scops Owl (黄嘴角鸮) – their low-pitched calls are easy to identify; occasionally, the Rufous Owl (栗鸮) can be heard with patience.

Accommodation: Guesthouse near Mingfenggu Valley, providing easy access to birding sites.

Distance: ~10 km (internal transfers within the park)
Driving Time: ~0.5 hrs
Altitude: ~1,000–1,300 m
Road Conditions: Forest roads + nature trails

Today is a core birding day, focusing on mid-altitude rainforests, rare endemic species, and raptors. The primary objective is to observe some of the most iconic birds of Hainan, especially its unique and rare species. Birding will also be paired with some spectacular scenic spots.

Early Morning (5:30–9:30): Mingfenggu Scenic Area (Core Birdwatching Spot for Endemic Hainan Species)

Habitat: Tropical primary rainforest at 1,000–1,300m elevation. The area features a circular boardwalk (1.96 km) and is one of the best places for observing Hainan's endemic species, including Hainan Peacock-pheasant, Hainan Hill Partridge, and Hainan Leaf Warbler. Bird activity peaks early in the morning, making it the perfect time to experience the "bird wave" phenomenon.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Mingfenggu entrance → follow the circular boardwalk → stop at the abandoned guesthouse observation point on the third floor for a view of the surrounding trees (this area offers excellent views of Tail-feather Treepie and Red-headed Cuckoo).
• At the Mingfeng Stone, listen for Chestnut-breasted Babbler (a common sound marker for their presence).
• Continue to the Sky Garden area for the "bird wave."
• Trail Conditions: Some sections of the trail are damp, so wear non-slip hiking shoes and walk carefully.

Target Species (High Probability):

• Hainan Endemics (National First-Class Protected):
  • Hainan Hill Partridge: A secretive, ground-dwelling bird that is active in the early morning. Best observed by remaining quiet and still (40%-60% probability).
  • Hainan Peacock-pheasant: A stunningly beautiful pheasant with eye-like markings on its tail. It is found in the forest undergrowth, and can be seen via a bird-watching payment fee (300 RMB per person).
  • Hainan Leaf Warbler: Small and active, typically found in the mid-canopy layer, with a distinct call.
• Forest Birds: Tail-feather Treepie (塔尾树鹊), Red-headed Cuckoo (红头咬鹃), Silver-breasted Broadbill (银胸丝冠鸟), Pale-headed Bulbul (淡紫䴓), Red-winged Laughingthrush (红翅鵙鹛) – commonly seen in "bird waves."
• Raptors: Crested Serpent Eagle (凤头鹰), Black-eared Kite (蛇雕) – can be seen soaring overhead, especially during the spring and autumn migration peaks. Raptors are often disturbed by the warning calls of Large-tailed Shrike (大盘尾).

Mid-Morning (10:00–12:30): Lushu Parking Area & Surroundings (Mid-elevation Habitat for Characteristic Bird Species)

Habitat: Located at 1,200–1,300m, this area is surrounded by tropical mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, with large trees and dense shrubs. It is home to many endemic species like Red-billed Partridge, Spot-necked Babbler, and Blue-throated Bee-eater.

Birding Route:

• Start at Lushu Parking Area → walk towards Shenlu Pavilion → explore the surrounding forest trails (2 km).
• Focus on tall trees around the parking area, where Mountain Imperial Pigeon and Thick-billed Green Pigeon are commonly seen.
• Continue through forest edge and canopy to observe a variety of tropical forest species.

Target Species (High Probability):

• Key Species:
  • Red-billed Partridge (红原鸡), Spot-necked Babbler (斑颈穗鹛), Blue-throated Bee-eater (蓝须夜蜂虎), Starred Woodpecker (星头啄木鸟), Black-collared Starling (黑领噪鹛).
  • Common Forest Birds:
    • Mountain Imperial Pigeon (山皇鸠), Thick-billed Green Pigeon (厚嘴绿鸠), commonly found perched in tall trees.
    • Hainan Leaf Warbler (海南柳莺) – frequently seen near Shenlu Pavilion.
  • Occasional Sightings:
    • Hainan White-headed Pheasant (海南白鹇), a national second-class protected species.
    • Black-headed Babbler (黑枕王鹟), a colorful bird seen in the mid-canopy.

Midday (12:30–14:00): Rest + Birdwatching Record

• Meals: Have a light lunch at a nearby restaurant or prepare an energy meal. Avoid picnicking in birding zones to minimize disturbance to the wildlife.
• Recording: Organize your birding observations from the morning, marking the time and location of key species sightings. Update your birding journal or app with any newly spotted rare species.
• Rest: Take a brief break to recharge and prepare for the afternoon’s raptor-watching session. Tropical areas often experience rain in the afternoon, so check the weather forecast and bring a light raincoat.

Afternoon (14:00–17:00): Tianchi Area (Lakeshore Forest Birds + Raptors, Scenic Birdwatching)

Habitat: Tianchi (Heavenly Lake) sits at 800m elevation and covers 600 acres. Surrounded by tropical rainforest, this area is perfect for observing lakeshore birds and high-flying raptors. The view of the lake and surrounding mountains offers a scenic combination of birdwatching and sightseeing.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Tianchi lakeshore trail → head towards the Tianchi Summer Resort Observation Point → continue to Qingfeng Pavilion (2 km).
• Focus on lakeshore shrubs, trees, and the lake itself. The Tianchi Summer Resort offers a great vantage point for observing Crested Finchbill and Red-headed Cuckoo, while Qingfeng Pavilion is ideal for locating Hainan Leaf Warbler.

Target Species (High Probability):

• Lakeshore Forest Birds:
  • Red-chinned Sunbird (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Minivet (灰喉山椒鸟), Pure Blue Monarch (纯蓝仙鹟), Large-tailed Shrike (大盘尾), Green-billed Malkoha (绿嘴地鹃).
• Raptors:
  • Crested Serpent Eagle (凤头鹰), Common Buzzard (普通鵟), occasionally Black-eared Kite (蛇雕).
• Water Birds:
  • Little Grebe (小䴙䴘), White Heron (白鹭), Mandarin Duck (鸳鸯, winter migrant).
• Endemic Species:
  • Pale-headed Bulbul (淡紫䴓), Crested Finchbill (冕雀), Red-headed Cuckoo (红头咬鹃), all commonly seen from the resort’s third floor.

Evening (17:00–18:30): Return to Accommodation + Review Birdwatching Achievements

• Return: Walk back to the accommodation and unwind. Take care on the descent, as the terrain can be slippery.
• Summary: Organize and review the day’s birding records. Cross-reference your sightings, paying special attention to Hainan’s endemic species. Discuss observations with local bird guides and plan for any missed targets.
• Preparation: Pack your birding gear, ensure your records are updated, and prepare for the next day’s birding. Bring extra water, snacks, and protection against insects (mosquito repellent) for the following day. Avoid loud noise to allow the surrounding birds to rest.

Accommodation: Guesthouse near Tianchi, offering easy access to the birding spots.

Distance: ~10 km (internal transfers within the park)
Driving Time: ~0.5 hrs
Altitude: ~1,300–1,412 m
Road Conditions: Mountain trails + boardwalks

Today is focused on completing any missing target species, with a special emphasis on high-altitude birdwatching. We will visit key locations to fill in any gaps and enjoy the stunning landscapes of the park. This day will focus on the rare and endemic species of Hainan, as well as high-altitude raptors.

Early Morning (6:00–9:30): Main Peak Trail & Surroundings (High-altitude Endemics + Rare Species)

Habitat: The summit of Jianfengling stands at 1,412 meters. The terrain here consists of moss-covered dwarf forests, shrubs, and bare rock areas, creating an ideal habitat for high-altitude birds like Hainan Leaf Warbler, Tibetan Snowcock (occasional), and Hainan Hill Partridge. The area is also an excellent spot for observing Hainan Peacock-pheasant if you haven’t seen it in previous days. Reaching the summit offers breathtaking views of the cloud and forest sea.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Main Peak Trail entrance → ascend the mountain trail → stop at mid-mountain shrub areas for birdwatching (2.5 km, moderate difficulty).
• Focus on searching for birds along the trail, particularly in the shrubs, tree canopies, and rock surfaces. Move quietly and carefully to avoid disturbing the birds.

Target Species (High Probability/Completing the Checklist):

• Rare Species:
  • Hainan Hill Partridge (海南山鹧鸪)
  • Hainan Peacock-pheasant (海南孔雀雉) – If not previously seen, concentrate on this area.
• High-altitude Endemics:
  • Hainan Leaf Warbler (海南柳莺), easy to locate by sound.
  • Rock Thrush (领岩鹨), Red-billed Mountain Crow (红嘴山鸦).
• Occasional Species:
  • Tibetan Snowcock (藏雪鸡) – Only spotted at higher altitudes.
  • Himalayan Griffon Vulture (胡兀鹫) – A rare sight, so patience is key.

Mid-morning (10:00–12:00): Abandoned Botanical Garden + Targeted Spots (Adjust Based on Previous Days’ Observations)

Habitat: The Abandoned Botanical Garden is located near the descent from Tianchi and is surrounded by tropical broadleaf forests and shrubs. This area has a high bird density and minimal human interference, making it ideal for observing species like Pale-headed Bulbul (淡紫䴓), Hainan Bulbul (海南噪鹛), and Black-headed Babbler (黑枕王鹟). It’s also possible to see Red-throated Minivet and Hainan White-headed Pheasant.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Botanical Garden entrance → walk along the garden trails → explore the surrounding shrubs (1.5 km, easy walking).
• Focus on the middle canopy of trees and surrounding shrubs for better visibility of smaller forest species.

Target Species (High Probability):

• Target Endemic Species:
  • If Hainan Hill Partridge or Hainan Peacock-pheasant haven’t been seen yet, consider returning to Mingfenggu Valley or use a bird guide to visit the birding pond.
• Forest Birds/Wetland Birds:
  • Blue-throated Bee-eater (蓝须夜蜂虎), Painted Snipe (彩鹬) – If these were missed earlier, head to Xiatang Wetland for additional sightings.
• Raptors:
  • If Crested Serpent Eagle (凤头鹰) or Black-eared Kite (蛇雕) were missed, visit the Tianchi area or the Main Peak Viewpoint for a second attempt.

Midday (12:00–13:30): Lunch & Birding Record整理

• Meals: Enjoy a light lunch either at the guesthouse or with an energy snack, preparing for the final afternoon of birding.
• Record Keeping: Review your birding records from the past few days, making sure you’ve noted the species observed, the time, and the location of sightings.
• Rest: Take a short break, adjust your birdwatching focus based on any missed species, and ensure your equipment is ready for the afternoon session.

Afternoon (14:00–17:30): Tropical Tree Garden & Ecological Education Trail (Forest Birds + Ecological Experience, Filling Gaps)

Habitat: The Tropical Tree Garden, located within the Jianfengling Scenic Area, is home to various types of tropical forests, both natural and artificial. Managed by the Chinese Academy of Forestry, it offers a tranquil space to observe species such as Brown-winged Cuckoo (褐翅鸦鹃) and Little Cuckoo (小鸦鹃). It's a perfect spot for filling in any gaps in the birdwatching checklist.

Birding Route:

• Start at the Tropical Tree Garden entrance → walk along the garden trails → head towards the Yangxi River bank (2 km).
• Explore the banks and search the shrubs and mid-canopy areas for a variety of bird species. Along the way, you can also learn about the relationship between tropical trees and birds.

Target Species (High Probability):

• Protected Species:
  • Brown-winged Cuckoo (褐翅鸦鹃), Little Cuckoo (小鸦鹃) – Both are protected species and often spotted in wetland areas near the river.
• Forest Birds:
  • Grey-throated Minivet (灰喉山椒鸟), Red-throated Sunbird (赤红山椒鸟), Pale-headed Bulbul (淡紫䴓), Chestnut Bulbul (栗颈凤鹛).
• Additional Birds:
  • If any common species weren’t observed in previous days, this is a chance to see them in this rich forest area.

Evening (17:30–19:00): Return to Accommodation + Prepare for Departure

• Return: Walk back to your accommodation and relax after a full day of birding.
• Packing: Organize your luggage and birding gear, ensuring nothing is left behind. Double-check your binoculars, camera, notes, and birding materials.
• Dinner: Dine at a nearby restaurant, reflecting on the birding trip and sharing your highlights with fellow travelers or the local bird guides.
• Preparation for Departure: Confirm your departure time with the guesthouse, check the weather for the next day, and ask about any potential traffic conditions or travel disruptions in the area.

Accommodation: Stay at a guesthouse near Jianfengling, a great place to relax and prepare for the journey ahead.

Distance: ~150 km (travel to Haiwei Wetland Park)
Driving Time: ~3 hours
Altitude: ~800-1,100 m (Jianfengling) → Sea level at Haiwei Wetland Park
Road Conditions: Paved roads and scenic routes, some rural stretches

Morning (6:00–9:00): Final Birding in Jianfengling (Target Species)

• Location: Jianfengling, focusing on any missed target species or revisiting key spots.
• Birding Route:
  • Early morning birding along the Tianchi Lakeshore or in the Mingfenggu Valley.
  • Search for endemic species like the Hainan Peacock-pheasant (海南孔雀雉) or Hainan Hill Partridge (海南山鹧鸪) if they haven’t been spotted already.
  • Key species to focus on: Hainan Leaf Warbler (海南柳莺), Red-billed Mountain Crow (红嘴山鸦), and Pale-headed Bulbul (淡紫䴓).
  • For the raptors, keep an eye out for Crested Serpent Eagle (凤头鹰) or Chinese Sparrowhawk (松雀鹰).
• Target Species (High Probability):
  • Hainan Endemics:
    • Hainan Hill Partridge, Hainan Peacock-pheasant.
  • Raptors:
    • Crested Serpent Eagle, Chinese Sparrowhawk.

Mid-morning (9:00–11:30): Drive to Haiwei Wetland Park

• Travel: Begin your journey to Haiwei Wetland Park, located near the coast of Hainan, famous for its diverse wetland ecosystems.
• Scenic Stop: On the way, visit the Black-faced Spoonbill Nature Reserve. This area is a known hotspot for wetland birds, and we will make a quick stop here to explore the birdlife before heading to Haiwei Wetland Park.
• Driving Route:
  • The route will take us along coastal roads with scenic views, providing a chance to relax and enjoy the landscape.

Midday (12:00–13:30): Lunch and Birding at Black-faced Spoonbill Nature Reserve

• Location: Black-faced Spoonbill Nature Reserve, a key wetland area for migratory birds.
• Birding Highlights:
  • Search for Black-faced Spoonbill (黑脸琵鹭), a rare and iconic species of the region.
  • Explore the mudflats and shallow waters for other wetland species, including Black-winged Stilt (黑翅长脚鹬), Grey Plover (灰滨鹬), and Pacific Golden Plover (太平洋金麒麟).
  • Look for Lesser Sand Plover (小滨鹬), Kentish Plover (小白滨鹬), and a variety of waders such as Dunlin (滨鹬) and Terek Sandpiper (特雷克沙鹬).
  • Herons & Egrets: Expect to see Grey Heron (苍鹭), Great White Egret (大白鹭), and Intermediate Egret (中白鹭) around the wetland areas.
  • Kingfishers: Both White-throated Kingfisher (白喉蓝鹭) and Pied Kingfisher (斑鱼狗) are common around water bodies.
• Target Species (High Probability):
  • Wetland Birds:
    • Black-faced Spoonbill, Black-winged Stilt, Grey Plover, Pacific Golden Plover, Lesser Sand Plover, Kentish Plover, Eurasian Curlew, Dunlin, Terek Sandpiper.
  • Herons & Egrets:
    • Grey Heron, Great White Egret, Intermediate Egret.
  • Kingfishers:
    • White-throated Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher.

Afternoon (14:30–17:00): Arrival at Haiwei Wetland Park

• Check-in and Setup: Upon arriving at Haiwei Wetland Park, check into your accommodation and settle in. Prepare your gear for the afternoon birding session.
• Birding at Haiwei Wetland:
  • Begin with a walk along the coast to observe shorebirds and wetland species. This area is great for observing birds in their natural feeding behavior.
  • Target Species: Depending on the time of year, you can expect to see waterfowl, shorebirds, and waders.
• Focus: Explore the marshy areas for Common Snipe (普通沙锥) and the surrounding coastal wetlands for seabirds. Use the opportunity to spot any species not yet observed.
• Accommodation: Settle into your accommodation at Haiwei Wetland Park for a well-deserved rest.

Evening (17:30–19:00): Dinner and Relaxation

• Dinner: Enjoy a local meal at the guesthouse or nearby restaurant, featuring regional specialties. You can unwind and discuss the day’s birding highlights with fellow birdwatchers.
• Preparation for the Next Day:
  • Organize your birding equipment for the morning.
  • Take some time to relax and enjoy the quiet ambiance of the wetland before heading out again tomorrow.

Accommodation: Stay at a guesthouse near Haiwei Wetland Park, a peaceful location ideal for birdwatching.

Distance: ~150 km (travel to Haikou and visit Dongzhai Harbour)
Driving Time: ~3 hours
Altitude: Sea level at Haiwei Wetland Park and Dongzhai Harbour
Road Conditions: Paved roads with scenic coastal views, easy travel route

Morning (6:00–9:00): Birding at Haiwei Wetland Park

• Location: Haiwei Wetland Park – A key wetland area on the west coast of Hainan, offering a mix of coastal habitats and reed beds, attracting a wide variety of wetland species.
• Birding Route:
  • Begin your day early, focusing on the reeds, mudflats, and shallow water areas.
  • Look out for waterfowl and wading birds along the coast. Use your binoculars to spot birds at a distance, particularly Ducks and Herons.
  • Key Species to Search for:
    • Lesser Whistling Duck (小吼鸭),
    • Grey-headed Swamphen (灰头水鸡),
    • Purple Heron (紫鹭),
    • Chinese Pond Heron (池鹭),
    • Greater Coucal (大冠鹤),
    • Black-winged Kite (黑翅鸢),
    • Western Osprey (西方鱼鹰),
    • Manchurian Bush Warbler (东北灌丛莺),
    • Dusky Warbler (黄脚莺).
• Target Species (High Probability):
  • Waterfowl:
    • Lesser Whistling Duck, Grey-headed Swamphen, Purple Heron.
  • Raptors:
    • Black-winged Kite, Western Osprey.
  • Passerines:
    • Manchurian Bush Warbler, Dusky Warbler.

Mid-morning (9:30–12:00): Drive to Haikou and Dongzhai Harbour

• Travel: Depart from Haiwei Wetland Park and begin your 3-hour journey north to Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province. Along the way, enjoy the coastal views and relax before the afternoon birding adventure.
• Arrival in Haikou:
  • Upon arrival in Haikou, we will head straight to Dongzhai Harbour National Mangrove Nature Reserve, located in the northeast of Hainan. This reserve features the largest mangrove forest in China and provides vital habitat for both migratory and resident species.

Afternoon (12:00–14:00): Lunch and Birding at Dongzhai Harbour National Mangrove Nature Reserve

• Location: Dongzhai Harbour National Mangrove Nature Reserve – A crucial wetland area on the island known for its rich biodiversity, including mangrove forests and intertidal mudflats.
• Birding Route:
  • After a short break and lunch, head out into the mangrove forests and the mudflats to explore the diversity of birds.
  • The area is particularly famous for attracting both shorebirds and waterfowl. Walk along the muddy banks and shorelines, using your binoculars and spotting scope to observe birds in flight and at rest.
• Target Species (High Probability):
  • Waterfowl:
    • Northern Shoveler (北方铲嘴鸭),
    • Eurasian Wigeon (欧洲秋沙鸭),
    • Northern Pintail (北方针尾鸭).
  • Shorebirds:
    • Black-winged Stilt (黑翅长脚鹬),
    • Pacific Golden Plover (太平洋金麒麟),
    • Little Ringed Plover (小环颈鹬),
    • Black-tailed Godwit (黑尾塭鹬),
    • Red Knot (赤膀鹬),
    • Ruff (黑翅野鹬),
    • Red-necked Phalarope (红颈秋沙鸭),
    • Marsh Sandpiper (湿地沙鸻),
    • Wood Sandpiper (林鹬).
  • Starling Species:
    • Black-collared Starling (黑领椋鸟),
    • White-shouldered Starling (白肩椋鸟).
  • Other Notable Species:
    • Olive-backed Sunbird (橄榄背蜜鸟).

Late Afternoon (14:30–17:00): Continued Birding at Dongzhai Harbour and Exploration

• Birding Focus:
  • Continue your birding in the mangrove and coastal areas of the reserve.
  • Search for any missing species and enjoy a relaxed afternoon exploring the natural beauty of the region. The mangrove forests provide shelter for many species of birds, especially during the high tide, when shorebirds gather to forage.
• Key Areas to Explore:
  • The mudflats, which attract waders and shorebirds.
  • The mangrove forests, where birds like Olive-backed Sunbird and various starling species can be found.

Evening (17:30–19:00): Return to Haikou, Dinner, and Relaxation

• Return: After your birding session, return to Haikou to unwind and reflect on the day’s findings.
• Dinner: Enjoy dinner at a local restaurant or your accommodation, savoring regional cuisine, and discussing the day's highlights.
• Preparation for the Next Day:
  • Organize your birding gear for the following day.
  • Relax after a busy day and rest up for more birding adventures tomorrow.

Accommodation: Stay at a hotel or guesthouse in Haikou, preparing for the next leg of your birdwatching journey.

Distance: ~3 hours driving from Haikou to Nonggang
Driving Time: ~3 hours
Altitude: ~300–400 m
Road Conditions: Expressway + secondary highways

Morning: After breakfast at the hotel, we will drive to Haikou Meilan International Airport (海口美兰国际机场) to catch our flight to Nanning (南宁) in Guangxi. Upon arrival, we will drive approximately 3 hours to Nonggang (弄岗), a national nature reserve located in Longzhou (隆州) and Ningming (宁明) counties, known for its unique karst forest ecosystem and rich biodiversity.

Evening (18:30-19:00): Check-in & Accommodation

• Accommodation Overview: Upon arrival in Nonggang, check in at a locally renowned hotel near the reserve, such as Nonggang Suimei Resort (弄岗穗鹛度假酒店) or boutique guesthouses like Xiaopeng Inn (小鹏客栈) or Nonggang Mountain House (弄岗山舍). These accommodations are close to birding hotspots and free from light pollution, ideal for early morning birdwatching.
• Preparation: Upon check-in, organize birding gear (binoculars, cameras, notebooks). Consult with hotel staff or local bird guides about recent bird sightings, current weather conditions, and road access to mountain paths. It's also recommended to pre-book a birding guide for the next day, especially for spotting rare species like the Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛).

Evening Birding (19:00-20:00): Light Evening Birding

• Birding Spot: Hotel Surrounding Forest Edges (海拔约300-500m), walking 1 km
• Birding Overview: Enjoy a light birding session along the hotel’s surrounding forest edge trails, which are calm and easy to walk. The focus will be on familiarizing yourself with the environment and observing active birds at dusk. Avoid disturbing the birds or using strong lights.
• Target Species (High probability to see):
  • Key Birds: Crimson-crowned Barbet (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Sunbird (灰喉山椒鸟), White-throated Laughingthrush (领雀嘴鹎), Zebra Dove (珠颈斑鸠), Black-cheeked Woodpecker (黑眉拟啄木鸟).
  • Other Notable Species: Fork-tailed Sunbird (叉尾太阳鸟) (often seen hovering around flowers), active at dusk, identifiable by its distinctive vocalization.
  • Birding Tip: Use the "Bird App" to help identify bird songs, especially those of karst forest species.

Dinner & Night Preparation (20:00-21:00):

• Dinner: Enjoy a local dinner at the hotel restaurant or a nearby countryside guesthouse. Recommended dishes include Longzhou Chicken Rice Noodles (龙州鸡肉粉), Bamboo Rice (竹筒饭), and Pickled Bamboo Shoot Stir-fried Snails (酸笋炒螺蛳). These light and easy-to-digest dishes will help replenish energy for the birding activities ahead.
• Preparation: After dinner, organize birding equipment (binoculars, camera, batteries, water). Prepare for the early start the next day (recommended wake-up time: 5:30 AM, departure at 6:00 AM). Note any priority bird species for the next day (especially rare species like Nonggang Babbler and Helmeted Hornbill). Protect yourself from insects, as the reserve has many mosquitoes, and bring a light jacket for the cooler evening temperatures.

Reserve Overview: Nonggang (弄岗) covers 10,077 hectares and is one of China’s 14 key biodiversity hotspots. Located in the northern edge of the tropics, the reserve was established in 1979 and upgraded to national status in 1994. It aims to protect rare species and their habitats. The reserve’s karst forest ecosystem provides a unique environment for various endemic and endangered species.

• Bird Species Recorded: Over 203 species have been recorded, with notable species like the Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛), identified in 2008. Other key species include Bar-backed Partridge (背翅山鹧鸪), Red Junglefowl (红色丛林鸡), Greater Coucal (大冠鹤), Green-billed Malkoha (绿喙短脚鹎), Jerdon’s Baza (杰尔顿鹰隼), Crested Serpent Eagle (冠雕), and the Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮), among others.

Distance: ~10 km
Driving Time: ~15 minutes
Altitude: ~300–400 m
Road Conditions: Gravel paths + forest roads

Morning (6:00-9:30): Longheng Village Birding Spot (陇亨屯)

Birding Spot Overview: Longheng (陇亨屯) is one of the core birding spots in Nonggang (弄岗), located in a habitat of karst scrubland, farmland edges, and stream valleys at an altitude of 300-400m. With minimal human disturbance, it has a high bird density, making it a prime spot for observing rare species like Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) and White-winged Magpie (白翅蓝鹊). Early morning provides the best opportunities to witness "bird waves" as birds are most active.

Birding Route: Start at Longheng entrance (陇亨屯入口) → walk along farmland trail → reach stream valley edge (about 1.5 km). The terrain is flat, making it easy to walk. Focus on checking the scrub, low trees, and streamside areas. Move slowly to avoid disturbing the birds and keep to the trail to preserve local vegetation.

Target Species (High probability to see):

• Key Birds: Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) (endemic, near-threatened, needs patience for observation), White-winged Magpie (白翅蓝鹊) (endangered, often seen in groups, easy to identify with black-and-white plumage), Helmeted Hornbill (冠斑犀鸟) (protected species, occasionally seen flying above trees).
• Common Birds: Grey-crowned Babbler (灰眶雀鹛), Chestnut-backed Babbler (栗背短脚鹎), Yellow-bellied Warbler (黄腹鹟莺), White-bellied Bulbul (白腹凤鹛). These species are often found in groups, forming "bird waves."
• Occasional Species: Brown-winged Cuckoo (褐翅鸦鹃) (second-class protected species, resembles a ground-dwelling chicken), Green-winged Bulbul (绿翅短脚鹎).

Late Morning (10:00-12:00): Wangna Village Stream Valley (汪那屯溪谷)

Birding Spot Overview: This stream valley (汪那屯溪谷), located next to a river, features habitats of stream wetland, karst broadleaf forest, and scrubland, with an altitude of 300-400m. The stream is clear, and the vegetation is dense, providing a low-disturbance environment where birds are less wary. It is a great place for observing both stream birds and forest species. Wild animals like monkeys and squirrels are also occasionally seen in the area.

Birding Route: Start at Wangna Village entrance (汪那屯村口) → walk along the stream valley trail → reach river's shallow sandbars (about 2 km). The path is smooth with no slopes, making it easy to walk. Focus on observing the birds along the riverbanks, rocks, and the water's edge, and use binoculars to observe distant trees for forest birds.

Target Species (High probability to see):

• Stream Birds: White-capped Water Redstart (白顶溪鸲), Red-tailed Water Redstart (红尾水鸲), Brown-headed River Chat (褐河乌), Grey Wagtail (灰鹡鸰). These birds are commonly found along the river's shallow sands and are active and easy to observe.
• Forest Birds: Bronze-tailed Treecreeper (古铜色卷尾), Great Crested Grebe (大盘尾), White-crowned Sparrow (冕雀). These species are often found in trees near the stream and occasionally participate in "bird waves."
• Occasional Raptors: Crested Serpent Eagle (凤头鹰), Eurasian Buzzard (普通鵟) (observed soaring in the sky, especially in spring and autumn).

Lunch (12:00-13:30): Rest & Resupply

Meal: Return to the hotel or local farm-style restaurant for a light lunch. Local dishes are often simple and easy to digest, providing energy for the afternoon.

Resupply: Check binoculars, camera batteries, and water supplies. Bring along energy snacks (e.g., nuts, energy bars) for the afternoon session. As UV radiation is strong in this area, pack sunscreen (SPF 50+), a sun hat, and sunglasses. Mosquito repellent is also necessary due to the high number of insects. Wear anti-slip hiking shoes, especially for the wet and slippery karst paths.

Organization: Review the morning's bird species and mark down sightings, especially for rare species like Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛). Use a bird guide or app to verify species and record observations. Consult with the local bird guide for recommendations on the best birding locations for the afternoon.

Afternoon (14:00-17:30): Nonggang Reserve – Nonggang Station Surroundings (弄岗站周边)

Birding Spot Overview: Nonggang Station's surrounding area (弄岗站) is characterized by karst broadleaf forests and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests, at an altitude of 400-600m. The vegetation is dense, providing a high-density birding area. This location serves as a transition zone between low-altitude and mid-altitude birding spots. It is an excellent spot to observe species like the Indochinese Green Magpie (印支绿鹊) and Black-naped Monarch (黑枕王鹟), and offers opportunities to learn about the unique plants in the reserve.

Birding Route: Start at Nonggang Station entrance (弄岗站入口) → follow the forest trail → explore scrubby areas (about 2 km). The terrain is gentle, with moderate difficulty. Focus on searching for birds in the middle and lower levels of the trees and shrubs. Observe the birds' habitat carefully while maintaining a safe distance from them. Do not use flash photography or play recorded bird calls to avoid disturbing wildlife.

Target Species (High probability to see):

• Key Birds: Indochinese Green Magpie (印支绿鹊) (vivid plumage, often found in middle-level trees, requires patience to find), Black-naped Monarch (黑枕王鹟), Silver-throated Sunbird (银胸丝冠鸟), Violet-crowned Woodpecker (淡紫䴓).
• Common Forest Birds: Crimson-breasted Woodpecker (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Woodpecker (灰喉山椒鸟), Chestnut-necked Warbler (栗颈凤鹛), Pale-browed Bulbul (淡眉雀鹛). These birds are often seen in groups and are highly active.
• Occasional Rare Species: Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) (if not seen earlier, bird guide assistance will help locate it), Hainan Bittern (海南虎斑鳽) (nocturnal, sometimes seen near the stream valley in the evening).

Evening (17:30-18:30): Return to Hotel & Optional Night Birding

Return: Walk or drive back to the hotel for rest and relaxation. As temperatures drop in the reserve, add extra layers of clothing to stay warm. Be mindful of mosquitoes and other insects.

Optional Night Birding: If interested, participate in a short night birding session near the hotel’s forest edges. Accompanied by a bird guide, you can try to hear and spot nocturnal species such as the Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮) and Brown Wood Owl (栗鸮). Keep quiet and avoid using strong lights to avoid disturbing the birds. Do not venture too far into the forest for safety reasons.

• Target Species: Collared Scops Owl (领角鸮), Yellow-browed Owl (黄嘴角鸮) (deep hoots, easy to identify), Brown Wood Owl (栗鸮) (occasional sightings, needs patience for vocalization identification).

Morning (5:30-9:30): Longutun Birdwatching Spot (Core Birding Spot, High Frequency Observation of Nonggang Babbler)

• Birdwatching Spot Introduction:
  Longutun (陇古屯) is a core habitat for the Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) within the Nonggang Nature Reserve. The area features pristine karst broadleaf forests and rocky shrubland at an elevation of 500–700m, with minimal human disturbance and dense vegetation. This site hosts one of the highest concentrations of Nonggang Babbler and is also a key location for observing the Helmeted Hornbill (冠斑犀鸟), White-winged Magpie (白翅蓝鹊), and other rare species. Bird activity is highest in the early morning, offering excellent chances to observe a variety of endemic birds.
• Birding Route:
  Entrance of Longutun → Rock Trail → Forest Observation Points, approximately 2.5 km, walking uphill on rocky paths, requiring non-slip hiking shoes. The focus is on quietly observing the Nonggang Babbler and other species in hidden forest observation points. Be mindful not to climb rocks or damage vegetation.
• Target Species (High Probability to See):
  • Rare and Endemic Species:
    • Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛): A globally endemic, near-threatened species. Active in the forest floor in the early morning. With patience and guide assistance, you have a high chance (60%) of spotting it.
    • Helmeted Hornbill (冠斑犀鸟): National Level I protected species, often seen flying in pairs. Look out for them soaring over the tree canopy.
    • White-winged Magpie (白翅蓝鹊): Endangered species, often seen in flocks around the rocky walls. Its black and white plumage makes it easy to identify.
  • Common Forest Birds:
    • Tower-tail Tree Magpie (塔尾树鹊), Red-headed Cuckoo (红头咬鹃), Red-winged Shrike-babbler (红翅鵙鹛), Spotted-necked Babbler (斑颈穗鹛).
  • Raptors:
    • Crested Serpent Eagle (蛇雕), Crested Hawk-Eagle (凤头鹰). These birds often soar in the high skies and are visible during migration seasons.

Morning (10:00-12:30): Gengyitun Surroundings (Mid-altitude Endemic Species Core Spot)

• Birdwatching Spot Introduction:
  Located near Zhubu Township (逐卜乡), Gengyitun (埂宜屯) is a prime habitat for endemic birds. This area is characterized by karst shrubland, agricultural fields, and broadleaf forests at 400–600m elevation. The birds here have low wariness, making it easier to observe them up close. It is a hotspot for species like the Red-headed Crane (红原鸡), Spotted-necked Babbler (斑颈穗鹛), and Blue-cheeked Night-Heron (蓝须夜蜂虎). Visitors can also experience local Zhuang ethnic village culture.
• Birding Route:
  Gengyitun Village Road → Edge of Fields → Surrounding Forest Trails, approximately 2 km, easy walking with no steep gradients. The focus is on observing tall trees, shrubs along the field edges, and the treetops. Quiet walking and patience are essential for birding and photography. Respect the local Zhuang villagers and their farmland.
• Target Species (High Probability to See):
  • Key Species:
    • Red-headed Crane (红原鸡), Spotted-necked Babbler (斑颈穗鹛), Blue-cheeked Night-Heron (蓝须夜蜂虎), Star-headed Woodpecker (星头啄木鸟), Black-collared Starling (黑领噪鹛).
  • Common Forest Birds:
    • Mountain Crown Dove (山皇鸠), Thick-billed Green Pigeon (厚嘴绿鸠) (active in tall trees), Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) (occasional sightings).
  • Occasionally Seen Species:
    • Brown-breasted Hill Partridge (褐胸山鹧鸪), Black-crowned Monarch (黑枕王鹟).

Lunch & Rest (12:30-14:00): Simple Meal & Birdwatching Notes

• Meal: Enjoy a simple energy meal, either at the hotel or nearby guesthouse. Picnic is not recommended in birding areas to avoid disturbing the birds. Take all trash with you, practicing a "Leave No Trace" philosophy.
• Notes: Organize birding notes, focusing on the species observed (particularly rare species like the Nonggang Babbler and Helmeted Hornbill). Check species characteristics and update the afternoon birding strategy based on the morning’s observations.
• Rest: Brief rest, check weather forecasts for afternoon rain, and prepare for raptor observation. Ensure all birding equipment is in good condition.

Afternoon (14:00-17:00): Xiangshui Station - Cave Area (Karst Secret Realm Birdwatching, Scenic Exploration)

• Birdwatching Spot Introduction:
  The Xiangshui Station - Cave Area (响水站-山洞区域) features karst caves, stream valleys, and broadleaf forests at 500–700m elevation. With open views, this area offers excellent opportunities for birdwatching and scenic exploration. The unique karst landscape makes it perfect for observing both forest birds and raptors, while the surrounding environment provides a chance to discover underground rivers and ecological surroundings.
• Birding Route:
  Xiangshui Station Entrance → Cave Surrounding Trails → Stream Valley Edges, approximately 2 km, easy walking. Focus on observing birds around cave shrubs, trees, and high altitudes. Patiently wait for raptors to appear over the valley. Avoid entering undeveloped caves to ensure safety and avoid disturbing the ecosystem.
• Target Species (High Probability to See):
  • Forest Birds:
    • Crimson-crowned Barbet (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Sunbird (灰喉山椒鸟), Pure Blue Flycatcher (纯蓝仙鹟), Long-tailed Broadbill (大盘尾), Green-billed Cuckoo (绿嘴地鹃).
  • Raptors:
    • Crested Serpent Eagle (蛇雕), Common Buzzard (普通鵟), occasionally Crested Hawk-Eagle (凤头鹰), Black-crowned Sparrowhawk (黑冠鹃隼).
  • Stream Birds:
    • Little Grebe (小䴙䴘), Great Egret (白鹭), Red-chested Field Frog (红胸田鸡) (common in shallow streambeds).
  • Notable Species:
    • Pale-headed Fish Eagle (淡紫䴓), Crested Finch (冕雀), Red-headed Cuckoo (红头咬鹃) (often seen near cave trees).

Evening (17:00-18:30): Return to Hotel & Birding Summary

• Return: After the afternoon session, return to the hotel on foot or by vehicle. Rest and relax, taking it easy on the downhill paths to prevent fatigue. Ensure proper hydration and wear appropriate footwear to avoid slipping.
• Summary: Review the bird species observed over the last two days, focusing on rare and endemic species like the Nonggang Babbler and Helmeted Hornbill. Compare notes with your bird guide and make any adjustments to your birding plan for the next morning.
• Preparation: Prepare birding equipment for the next day's activities. Confirm birding plans and ensure the next day's essentials (water, snacks, protection gear). Maintain a quiet environment in the hotel to avoid disturbing the birds' nighttime rest.

Morning (6:00-9:30): Supplementary Birdwatching + Xiemu King Scenic Area (Completing the Checklist and Enriching the Birding Experience)

Birdwatching Spot Introduction:
Xiemu King Scenic Area (蚬木王景区) is located in a karst, primary broadleaf forest at an elevation of 400–600m. Known for the rare Xiemu (蚬木) trees, the area features dense vegetation with minimal human disturbance. It is an ideal location to supplement sightings of rare species like the Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛) and Indochinese Green Magpie (印支绿鹊). Early morning bird activity is high, making it the perfect time to fill in any gaps in your birding list.

Birding Route:
Xiemu King Scenic Area Entrance → Forest Trail → Around Xiemu King, approximately 2 km, with moderate difficulty and a gentle slope. The focus is on the understory and mid-canopy, searching for rare species that may have been missed in previous days. Move quietly and carefully to avoid disturbing the area. Do not touch the rare Xiemu trees or damage the natural vegetation.

Target Species (Completing the List + High Probability to See):

• Rare Species to Complete Checklist:
  • Nonggang Babbler (弄岗穗鹛), Helmeted Hornbill (冠斑犀鸟), White-winged Magpie (白翅蓝鹊) (if missed on previous days, focus on these species).
• Key Forest Birds:
  • Indochinese Green Magpie (印支绿鹊), Black-crowned Monarch (黑枕王鹟), Pale-headed Fish Eagle (淡紫䴓), Hainan Bulbul (海南噪鹛).
• Common Forest Birds:
  • Crimson-crowned Barbet (赤红山椒鸟), Grey-throated Sunbird (灰喉山椒鸟), Chestnut-necked Babbler (栗颈凤鹛), Pale-billed Flowerpecker (领雀嘴鹎).

Late Morning (9:30-11:30): Gear Check & Return to Hotel

Return: After finishing your birdwatching session at the Xiemu King Scenic Area, head back to the hotel on foot or by vehicle. If desired, make a brief stop at the forest edge near the entrance to observe common forest birds and ensure nothing has been missed.

Organize:

• Thoroughly check all birding equipment (binoculars, camera, birding notes, photos, etc.). Review your birding list and tally up the number of species observed during the trip.
• Review your birding notes, and finalize any additional observations.
• Pack your personal belongings, making sure nothing is left behind. Ensure all trash is collected and disposed of properly, following the "Leave No Trace" philosophy.

Rest:

• Briefly relax at the hotel, freshen up, and change clothes, preparing for departure. Confirm lunch plans with the hotel.

Lunch & Checkout (11:30-12:30)

Lunch:

• Enjoy lunch either at the hotel or at a nearby farm-style restaurant. Sample local specialties like Longzhou Sand Cake (龙州沙糕) and Five-Colored Glutinous Rice (五色糯米饭) to recharge and reflect on your birdwatching journey.
• Share birding experiences with fellow travelers and guides, discussing your observations and any challenges you encountered during the trip.

Checkout:

• After lunch, proceed with the hotel checkout. Double-check the bill, ensure no items are left behind, and say goodbye to the hotel staff and fellow birdwatchers.
• Ask the hotel staff about the road conditions for your return trip to Nanning and inquire about any potential traffic control measures or temporary road closures.

Morning

• Breakfast:
  After a lovely breakfast at the hotel, take some time to enjoy your final moments in Nanning. Relax and reflect on the birding adventure you’ve experienced over the past days.
• Transfer to Airport:
  At the designated time, you will be transferred to Nanning Wuxu International Airport (南宁吴圩国际机场) for your departure.
  Our team will assist you with the check-out process, ensuring everything is taken care of before your flight.

End of Itinerary
This concludes the scheduled birdwatching itinerary organized by AlpineBirding. We hope you had an enriching experience exploring the diverse habitats and unique species of Hainan and Guang